在法律领域中，语言的精确性和严谨性至关重要。无论是合同条款的起草，还是法庭辩论中的陈述，每一个字词都可能影响到案件的结果。因此，法律英语翻译不仅需要具备扎实的语言功底，还需要对法律术语和句式的深刻理解。以下是一些常见的法律英语翻译典型词语和句式，供参考。
一、典型词语
1. "whereas"
- 中文译为“鉴于”或“兹因”。通常用于合同开头部分，用来引出背景信息。
- 示例：Whereas Party A desires to sell the Property, and Party B desires to purchase the Property.
2. "hereby"
- 中文译为“特此”。常用于正式文件中，表示某种行为或声明。
- 示例：The parties hereby agree to resolve any disputes through arbitration.
3. "hereinafter"
- 中文译为“以下称为”。用于指代前文中提到的内容。
- 示例：As used herein, the term "Contract" shall mean the agreement hereinafter set forth.
4. "hereunder"
- 中文译为“根据此”或“在此之下”。用于引出特定条款或条件。
- 示例：All payments under this Agreement shall be made within thirty (30) days of receipt of invoice.
5. "hereby"
- 中文译为“特此”。用于强调某项行为或声明。
- 示例：The undersigned hereby certifies that all information provided is true and accurate.
6. "hereof"
- 中文译为“此协议的”或“此文件的”。用于指代当前文件。
- 示例：Any reference to the terms hereof shall include all schedules attached hereto.
7. "herein"
- 中文译为“在此”或“于此”。用于指代当前文件或协议中的内容。
- 示例：The obligations set forth herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
8. "herewith"
- 中文译为“随函附上”。用于表明附件或文件随函发送。
- 示例：Enclosed herewith is a copy of the latest financial statements.
9. "hereby"
- 中文译为“特此”。用于强调某项行为或声明。
- 示例：The parties hereby agree to abide by the rules set forth in this document.
10. "hereupon"
- 中文译为“据此”或“因此”。用于引出结果或后续行动。
- 示例：Upon completion of the transaction, Party A shall deliver the deed hereupon.
二、典型句式
1. "It is hereby agreed and understood that..."
- 中文译为“双方同意并理解如下...”。用于明确约定事项。
- 示例：It is hereby agreed and understood that Party A shall have no liability for any damages arising from breach of contract.
2. "Subject to the following conditions..."
- 中文译为“在下列条件下...”。用于列出具体条件。
- 示例：Subject to the following conditions, Party B agrees to pay Party A an amount equal to $100,000.
3. "Notwithstanding anything to the contrary..."
- 中文译为“尽管有其他相反的规定...”。用于排除其他规定的影响。
- 示例：Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties agree to renegotiate the terms of this Agreement annually.
4. "In witness whereof..."
- 中文译为“兹证明...”。用于结尾部分，确认文件的有效性。
- 示例：In witness whereof, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
5. "This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of..."
- 中文译为“本协议受...法律管辖并依其解释”。用于指定适用法律。
- 示例：This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
6. "Force majeure"
- 中文译为“不可抗力”。用于描述无法预见、不可避免且不可克服的情况。
- 示例：Neither party shall be liable for any failure or delay in performance due to force majeure events.
7. "Confidentiality"
- 中文译为“保密性”。用于保护敏感信息不被泄露。
- 示例：The parties agree to maintain the confidentiality of all information disclosed during the course of this Agreement.
8. "Termination"
- 中文译为“终止”。用于描述协议终止的情形。
- 示例：Either party may terminate this Agreement upon providing thirty (30) days' written notice to the other party.
9. "Indemnification"
- 中文译为“赔偿”。用于一方对另一方因特定事件造成的损失进行补偿。
- 示例：Party A shall indemnify and hold harmless Party B against any claims arising out of Party A's breach of this Agreement.
10. "Waiver"
- 中文译为“弃权”。用于放弃某些权利或主张。
- 示例：No waiver by either party of any breach of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of any subsequent breaches.
总结
法律英语翻译是一项高度专业化的工作，要求翻译人员不仅要精通语言，还要熟悉相关领域的法律知识。通过掌握上述典型词语和句式，可以更好地理解和翻译法律文本，确保翻译质量达到专业标准。同时，在实际工作中，还需结合具体上下文灵活运用，以确保翻译的准确性和完整性。
