【定语从句详细讲解课件】一、什么是定语从句?
在英语中,定语从句(Relative Clause)是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。它通常由关系代词(如 who, whom, that, which, whose)或关系副词(如 when, where, why)引导。
定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词,用来进一步说明主句中的某个名词或代词,使其更具体、明确。
二、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句一般由以下三部分组成:
1. 关系词(引导词):如 who, which, that, when 等。
2. 主语:从句中的主语。
3. 谓语:从句中的动词。
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
这里的“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,修饰“the book”。
三、关系代词的用法
| 关系代词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|----------|------|------|
| who | 指人,在从句中作主语 | The girl who is talking to Mary is my sister. |
| whom | 指人,在从句中作宾语 | The man whom you met is a doctor. |
| which | 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The student that won the prize is very smart. |
| whose | 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The boy whose father is a teacher is in my class. |
> 注意:在口语和非正式写作中,that 可以代替 who/whom/which,但在正式写作中应根据语法正确使用。
四、关系副词的用法
| 关系副词 | 用法 | 举例 |
|----------|------|------|
| when | 表时间,在从句中作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where | 表地点,在从句中作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why | 表原因,在从句中作状语 | That’s the reason why he left. |
五、定语从句的省略规则
在某些情况下,关系代词可以被省略,尤其是当它在从句中作宾语时。
- The man (that) I saw is my teacher.
(省略了 “that”,因为它是宾语)
但若关系代词在从句中作主语,则不能省略:
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
(不能省略 “who”,因为它在从句中作主语)
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句(Defining Relative Clause)
- 用于限定先行词的范围,不能省略,否则句子意思不完整。
- 不用逗号隔开。
例:The woman who is wearing a red dress is my aunt.
2. 非限制性定语从句(Non-defining Relative Clause)
- 用于补充说明,对先行词进行额外的信息描述,可省略。
- 用逗号隔开。
例:My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit us.
七、常见错误与注意事项
1. 混淆 who 和 whom
- Who 在从句中作主语;whom 在从句中作宾语。
- 正确:The person who called me is my friend.
错误:The person whom called me is my friend.
2. 关系词不能随意省略
- 如果关系代词在从句中作主语,不能省略。
3. 避免重复使用关系词
- 例如:The book that I read it 是错误的,应改为:The book that I read.
4. 注意先行词的单复数
- 如果先行词是复数,关系代词也应为复数形式。
八、练习与巩固
1. 选择正确的答案:
- The man ______ is speaking to the teacher is my uncle.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
2. 改写句子:
- The house is very old. It is on the hill.
→ The house that is on the hill is very old.
3. 判断下列句子是限制性还是非限制性定语从句:
- My friend, who is a doctor, lives in Beijing.
→ 非限制性定语从句
九、总结
定语从句是英语中非常重要的语法结构之一,能够使句子更加丰富和准确。掌握关系代词和关系副词的用法,以及区分限制性和非限制性定语从句,有助于提高语言表达的清晰度和逻辑性。
通过不断练习和运用,你将能够熟练地在写作和口语中使用定语从句,提升整体英语水平。
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结束语:
学习定语从句不仅是语法知识的积累,更是语言表达能力的提升。希望本课件能帮助你在英语学习的道路上走得更远、更稳。