【定语从句专项练习】在英语语法中,定语从句是一个非常重要的知识点,它用于修饰名词或代词,使句子表达更加清晰、具体。掌握定语从句的用法,不仅有助于提高阅读理解能力,还能在写作中提升语言的丰富性和准确性。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语成分的从句,用来修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词称为“先行词”,引导从句的词称为“关系词”。常见的关系词有:who、whom、whose、which、that、as、when、where、why 等。
例如:
- The book that is on the table is mine.(那本书是我 的)
- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹)
二、定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句
用于限定先行词的范围,不能省略,否则会影响句子的意思。通常由 that 或 which 引导。
- The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
- The car that I bought last week is very expensive.
2. 非限制性定语从句
对先行词进行补充说明,可以省略,不影响句子的基本意思。通常由 which、who、whom、whose 等引导,并用逗号隔开。
- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
- The house, which was built in 1980, is now empty.
三、关系词的选择
选择合适的关系词是使用定语从句的关键。以下是常见关系词的用法:
| 关系词 | 用法说明 |
|--------|----------|
| who| 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语 |
| whom | 指人,在从句中作宾语(常用于正式语境) |
| whose| 表示所属关系,指人或物 |
| which| 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 |
| that | 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语(常用于限制性定语从句) |
| when | 指时间,在从句中作时间状语 |
| where| 指地点,在从句中作地点状语 |
| why| 指原因,在从句中作原因状语 |
四、定语从句的常见错误
1. 误用关系词
例如:
❌ The man which is wearing a hat is my uncle.
✅ The man who is wearing a hat is my uncle.
2. 忽略关系词
例如:
❌ The book I read yesterday is interesting.
✅ The book that I read yesterday is interesting.
3. 混淆限制性与非限制性从句
例如:
❌ My mother, who is a nurse, is very kind.
✅ My mother who is a nurse is very kind.(如果想强调“我的母亲是护士”这一信息,则需使用非限制性从句)
✅ My mother, who is a nurse, is very kind.
五、定语从句专项练习题
一、选择正确的答案:
1. This is the factory ______ we visited last year.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
2. The girl ______ won the prize is my classmate.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
3. The house ______ window broke is owned by Mr. Li.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. where
4. The reason ______ he was late is not clear.
A. why
B. that
C. because
D. for
二、填空练习:
1. The man ______ is speaking to the teacher is our principal.
2. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
3. The city ______ she was born is famous for its history.
4. The reason ______ he didn’t come is unknown.
三、改错练习:
1. The students who are in the classroom are all from Class 3.
2. The book which I bought yesterday is very expensive.
3. The girl whom is sitting next to me is my friend.
4. The house where is located near the park is very beautiful.
通过不断练习和巩固,定语从句的理解和运用将变得更加熟练。希望这篇练习能够帮助你更好地掌握这一语法点,提升英语综合能力。